Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Found inside... Botanists, conservationists, ethnobotanists, anthropologists, geographers, bird watchers, naturalists, historians and those of many other disciplines will find these volumes a most valuable and useful resource. The biologically synthesised nanoadsorbent was found efficient and cost-effective in the adsorption based removal of Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions from contaminated waste water. 8600 Rockville Pike Résultats : Les concentrations en atropine et scopolamine varient selon les espèces, les parties de la plante ainsi qu’en fonction de la période de récolte. The effects of acute, subacute administration of alkaloids atropine and scopolamine, the main constituents of the active principle of Datura stramonium, with toxic properties, were studied in female Albino-Wistar rats.After acute intraperitoneal administration of dose 100 mg kg-1 (≈1/4 DL 50) of total alkaloids to the seeds of D. stramonium, there were no remarkable changes in general . A member of the notorious nightshade family, its more famous cousins include tomato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco, and potato. Phonetic Spelling dah-TOO-rah stra-MOH-nee-um This plant has low severity poison characteristics. Callus cultures of five species of Datura exhibited low levels of antigenic activity when assayed by RIA. It has been abused worldwide for hundreds of years because of its hallucinogenic properties. Also these have pharmacological potential with a cracking ability and, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. These effects , attributed to some of the tropane alkaloids, have been utilized in the modern medicine. Results: Concentrations of atropine and scopolamine are variable with the species, parts of the plants and harvest times. This book analyses Tibetan medicine in the 21st century by considering the contemporary reasons that have led to its diversity and by bringing out the common orientations of this medical system. To our knowledge 74 alkaloids have been found in D. stramonium and sixty-seven of them have been detected by GC-MS. Other names for the Datura plants are Jimsonweed, Moonflower, Devil's Weed, and Devil's Trumpet. A multidisciplinary overview of intoxicating snuff rituals in the western hemisphere - 1985. In this work, a highly amorphous Fe3O4 based hybrid nanosorbent (Fe3O4-BHN) was synthesised using the leaves extract of Datura stramonium and characterized by means of FTIR, UV–Vis, FESEM, EDX and P-XRD techniques. En revanche les concentrations en atropine sont faibles pour l’espèce Datura Inoxia mais cette espèce présente les plus fortes concentrations en scopolamine. Keywords: Datura stramonium, anticholinergic, poisoning Received: 25.12.2015 Accepted: 11.03.2016 Available Online Date: 15.07.2016 Introduction Datura stramonium is a wild plant, which grows in almost every region of Turkey and is found in the native flora. Datura species, especially Datura stramonium (e.g., jimsonweed), are the focus of scores of case reports that chronicle the toxidrome of anticholinergic toxicity. Jimson weed is UNSAFE when taken by mouth or inhaled. Careers. The second edition of this book is created to assist the clinician in the initial response to the needs of a child or adult exposed to a poisonous or injurious plant. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Seeds contain 0.4% atropine, and ten seeds equal 1 mg atropine or 400 mg L-hyoscyamine. (Datura stramonium "tatula") Its just as toxic as the standard, the only difference being the purple in the flower and the stems, making […] [Self-poisoning with Datura stramonium. Found insideIt is the wish of all multidisciplinary experts who gather prominent author's panel of this volume to incorporate latest medical reports and compel limits of current understanding for better tissue regeneration, limb salvage, and improved ... Around the world there are at least fifteen varieties of Datura which grow freely or are cultivated as ornemental plants in private or public gardens. 69: 1757-1762. Discussion: After its consumption the expected concentrations of the toxic tropane alkaloids in body fluids are very low. Introduction. Folk names: Devil's Trumpet, Thorn-apple, Hell's Bells. The poisoning effects take place on average 30 to 60 minutes after consumption. In addition, TUNEL assay results showed that the concentrations of DE cause apoptotic effects significantly (p<0.05). Among them, hyoscyamine, anisodamine (6β-hydroxyhyoscyamine), and scopolamine are the most important ones from a therapeutical point of view. GC-MS of the alkaloids in D. stramonium. Because of the presence of these substances, Datura has. In the course of his investigation, Davis came to realize that the story of vodoun is the history of Haiti—from the African origins of its people to the successful Haitian independence movement, down to the present day, where vodoun ... Introduction. Datura stramonium, which is also known as Thorn Apple or Jimson Weed, is an alkaloid containing plant that is entirely toxic. Diskussion: Nach dem Genuß dieser Frucht liegen die hochwirksamen Tropanalkaloide in den Körperflüssigkeiten in sehr geringen Konzentrationen Todas a partes da Datura stramonium são tóxicas devido às elevadas concentrações de alcalóides do tropano (hiosciamina, atropina e escopolamina). It was dried and smoked for hallucination and total relaxation [1,11]. The diffusion constants (kd) have been evaluated for Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions during the adsorption as 0.109 and 0.114 mg/g min1/2, respectively. Privacy, Help It is poisonous and can cause many toxic effects including dry mouth and extreme thirst, vision problems, nausea and vomiting, fast heart rate, hallucinations, high temperature, seizures, confusion, loss of consciousness, breathing problems, and death. Annual herb or herbaceous perennial, stem green to purplish, ill-scented, with alternate, simple, coarsely toothed leaves; flower solitary, large, tubular with 5 shallow lobes at top, white or lavender. Nowadays, attempts to developthese alkaloids in biotechnological procedures which are principally based on the hairy root. Ref: Forrester MB. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine It was dried and smoked for hallucination and total relaxation [1,11]. Yields ranged from 3 ng to 4 μg scopolamine equivalents/g dry wt. Toxicity from this plant, containing tropane alkaloids, manifests as a classic anti-cholinergic poisoning [1, 2].Most cases of DS poisoning reported in the literature occurred among teenagers after voluntary ingestion of the plant for its hallucinogenic and euphoric effects [1, 3-6]. Please find relevant information on First Aid for Datura Stramonium Poisoning regarding cause, signs & symptoms, administration of first aid treatment, prognosis, preventive measures, and additional resources HERE. It can cause Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) exposures in Texas, 1998-2004. 2018 Mar 27;23:26. doi: 10.4103/jrms.JRMS_629_17. A case of acute poisoning by ingestion of Datura stramonium infusion is reported. World J Emerg Med. Datura Stramonium Poisoning: Two Case Reports EndNote'a Aktar Zotero'ya Aktar Mendeley'e Aktar Bibtex PDF. Bethesda, MD 20894, Copyright Jimson weed ( Datura stramonium) is a beautiful, witchy plant that begins blooming in late summer and continues through the first frost. The highest transformation yield of 93% was accomplished using leaf explants of D. metel infected by AR15834 and A4 strains. You can request the full-text of this chapter directly from the authors on ResearchGate. After his recovery Mittal G, Kumar N, Rawat H, Jaimini A, Chhillar M, Bhatnagar A. Soulaidopoulos S, Sinakos E, Dimopoulou D, Vettas C, Cholongitas E, Garyfallos A. Fatal poisoning from ingestion of Datura stramonium seeds - 2004. It grows the world over, wild in some places, and is best recognized in case of accidental ingestion. When I offered the remaining seedlings to friends, they didn't want them due to their toxicity. vor, so daß der Nachweis nur bei gezielter Anforderung in einem gut ausgerüsteten spezialisierten Labor gelingen kann. In the laboratory conditions, the Langmuir adsorption capacity of Fe3O4-BHN for Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions were observed as 6.790 and 5.379 L/g, respectively. According to our HPLC results, DE has atropine (935 μg/ml) and scopolamine (63.9 μg/ml) component. Also, SCE frequency increased when 125 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL concentration of DE added in the lymphocyte culture (p<0.05). Prevention and treatment information (HHS), MeSH Leaves are alternate, oval to egg-shaped, 3 to 8 inches long, smooth with long petioles. We expressed the h6h gene from A. belladonna in H. kurdicus, which caused over accumulation of scopolamine. The results Özkaya AK, Güler E, Karabel N, Namlı AR, Göksügür Y. Datura stramonium poisoning in a child. This absorbing account of the evolution of modern medicine from its roots in folk medicine will entertain and inform both scientist and general reader alike. The different plant parts of Datura sp., mainly D. stramonium L., commonly known as Datura or Jimson Weed, exhibit potent analgesic, antiviral, anti-diarrheal, and anti-inflammatory activities, owing to the wide range of bioactive constituents. 48(5):431-4. . Organized alphabetically, The Big, Bad Book of Botany combines the latest in biological information with bizarre facts about the plant kingdom’s oddest members, including a species that is more poisonous than a cobra and a prehistoric ... Nur im Urin ließen sich Skopolamin und Hyoszyamin (l-Atropin) nachweisen. substance was suspected despite missing hints to drug or liquor ingestion. Datura stramonium is a toxic plant member of the Solanaceae family. There are 64 different types of tropane alkaloids, however the ones of main concern are atropine and scopolamine. "Fifty-five common pediatric conditions are comprehensively discussed, with diagnostic and evidence-based treatment information, followed by authoritative information on the major CAM therapies available for treatment of the condition. Pour l’espèce ornementale Datura wrightii les concentrations en atropine retrouvées sont relativement faibles mais les concentrations en scopolamine sont plus élevées que chez Datura stramonium. Use this subreddit to discuss anything Datura related. Usually the pyrrolidinyl alkaloids detected in the genus Datura have low intensive M + and their identification is based on characteristic mass spectral fragmentation [ 2 ]. Datura stramonium is a toxic plant member of the Solanaceae family. Bookshelf See below Description. Found insideThis book will be invaluable to plant pathologists, agrochemists, plant biochemists, botanists, environmental chemists and farmers, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students. Also we determine the cytotoxic (Lactate dehydrogenease, (LDH) and cell proliferation (WST-1)), genotoxic (sister chromatid exchange (SCE)) and apoptotic (TUNEL assay) effects of D. stramonium methanolic seeds extract (DE) on human lymphocytes culture by using different test assays. For the ornamental Datura wrightii concentrations of atropine are low but scopolamine concentrations are higher than those observed for Datura stramonium. Gastric lavage and activated charcoal administration were performed. All of assays results suggested that the component of D. stramonium atropine and scopolamine, classified anti-cholinergic agents, have genotoxic, apoptotic and slight cytotoxic effects on human cultured lymphocytes. Datura stramonium Poisoning: Misunderstanding and Misidentification in Toxic Plant Exposures Wilderness Environ Med. Datura stramonium; agitation; anticholinergic toxicity; comatose; intoxication. The fruit is a spiny capsule, as often in the genus Datura, containing many small seeds. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2004.01.003. 2006. Building on the previous edition with contributions from internationally renowned experts this book provides a fully comprehensive resource for managing the post emergency/treatment stage of acute poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). Secondary metabolites are responsible for therapeutic propertiesin plants. The nontropanyl alkaloid meteloidine occurs haphazardly in various Datura spp. Be particularly careful with your horses' fodder: dried hay may contain young Datura plants (such as Datura stramonium and Datura Ferox for example). Accessibility Common Name: JIMSON WEED Habit: Annual to subshrub, hairs +- 0 or simple, ill-smelling.Leaf: entire to deeply lobed.Inflorescence: flowers 1 in branch forks.Flower: calyx circumscissile near base, leaving +- rotate collar in fruit; corolla funnel-shaped, white or +- purple, lobes 5(10); stamens attached below tube middle; ovary 2- or 4-chambered.Fruit: capsule, leathery or woody, prickly . One member of this genus is the Datura stramonium species, a ubiquitously . A gama de toxicidade é altamente variável e imprevisível. The mass spectral behaviour of tropane alkaloids was described in details in many reviews [ 2–4 ]. A locked padlock) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. From 1950 to 1965, the State Chemical Laboratories in Agra investigated 2,778 deaths that were caused by ingesting Datura [132]. Dry samples of leaves, flowers, roots and seeds were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after extraction with methylene chloride. For the reason mentioned above, tropane alkaloids are still extracted from plants grown in greenhouses belonging to species of Solanaceae family including Hyoscyamus niger L., Anisodus tanguticus, Scopolia tangutica Maxim, Atropa belladonna, and several Datura species. Il semblerait donc utile d’intervenir auprès des responsables communaux pour empêcher la plantation de ces espèces dans les espaces publics. Efficient control of D. ferox in sorghum has been achieved with fluroxypyr, atrazine, 2,4-D and picloram or a combination of atrazine banded along the crop row and inter-row cultivation ( Rawson and Bath, 1981 ; Webb and Feez, 1989 ). Found insideDitch the super-technical manuals and enjoy Andy's unique, common-sense perspective in The Chicken Whisperer's Guide to Keeping Chickens, Expanded & Revised. This fun, comprehensive guide is a perfect fit for your busy lifestyle. Indeed, Datura is often a weed, ie present as a weed, in cereal or market garden crops. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that ornamental varieties of Datura can be dangerous because they exhibit high concentrations of tropane alkaloids mainly scopolamine. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. the biomass of hairy and natural roots were measured and compared after 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. The reason for this is that equines are particularly sensitive to atropine and related tropane alkaloids. In this study, our aim is to identify the major component of D. stramonium by using HPLC. Accidental poisoning of humans and animals, who consume food sources contaminated with D. stramonium has been reported. Castañón López L, Martínez Badás JP, Lapeña López De Armentia S, Gómez Mora J, García Arias ML. This excellent volume was designed and edited with two major ideas in mind: firstly, the field of clinical toxicology is changing and an acknowledgement of these changes is warranted; secondly, no comprehensive compilation of recently ... Erholung am folgenden Tag konnte der Patient mitteilen, daß er eine exotische Frucht verzehrt habe, die als The book considers the physical parameters of these plants and their effect upon various areas of the body and human health, including chapters dedicated to genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ... Due to the potent combination of anticholinergic substances it contains, Datura intoxication typically produces effects similar to that of an anticholinergic delirium: a complete inability to differentiate reality from fantasy (frank delirium, as contrasted to hallucination); hyperthermia; tachycardia; bizarre, and possibly violent behavior; and severe mydriasis with resultant painful photophobia that can last several days. identifiziert wurde. Conclusion : Ces résultats montrent que les variétés ornementales de Datura peuvent être dangereuses puisque les concentrations en alcaloïdes tropaniques y sont importantes. Transformation of h6h gene from Atropa belladonna to Hyoscyamus kurdicus in order to enhance scopola... Détermination des teneurs en atropine et scopolamine de différentes espèces sauvages et ornementales... GC-MS survey of Datura stramonium alkaloids. Ingestion of a small quantity of Datura wrightii leaves can lead to serious anticholinergic symptoms. Edited by a world-renowned expert in the field of Forensic and Analytical Toxicology, Pascal Kintz, this book investigates toxicants of emerging concern and brings together a number of experts in the field to address the most recent ... Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances finally gives you an easily accessible resource for vital toxicological information on foods, plants, and animals in key areas in the natural environment. Concentrations of atropine are low for Datura inoxia however this species has the highest concentrations of scopolamine. Datura, a genus of medicinal herb from the Solanaceae family, is credited with toxic as well as medicinal properties.The different plant parts of Datura sp., mainly D. stramonium L., commonly known as Datura or Jimson Weed, exhibit potent analgesic, antiviral, anti-diarrheal, and anti-inflammatory activities, owing to the wide range of bioactive constituents. For wild species highest concentrations of atropine were observed in the leaves and seeds of Datura stramonium. Hashimoto T, Yun D-J and Yamada Y (1993) Phytochemistry 42:713–718 4. Proceedings of Third International Conference on Solanaceae with 35 papers on alkaloid chemistry, drug therapy, biotechnology and breeding research. How to grow datura and brugmansia. Includes history, classification, hybrids, collecting, care and cultivation. Illustrated throughout in color. Datura stramonium poisoning: a case report and review of the literature Muhammet Furkan Korkmaz 1, Muharrem Bostancı 1, Hatice Onur 1, Eren Çağan 2 1D ep a rtm n ofP d ic s ,B uYü kİ h Tg R H l y 2 D ep a rtm n ofP d icI us ,BYü kİ h Tg R H l y ABSTRACT Datura stramonium is a widespread annual, leafy herbaceous plant that is a powerful hallucinogen. The toxicity depends on the age of the plant and growing conditions, with serious illness or death a possibility from ingestion. This book collects new developments about corrosion inhibitors and their recent applications. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. are used in folklore medicine. Its consumption may result in severe anticholinergic toxicity. D. stromoniumhas been scientifically proven to contain alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates and proteins. The most important natural tropane alkaloids are (-)-hyoscyamine and (-)-scopolamine (also known as hyoscine). [A case of datura stramonium poisoning--general problems of differential diagnosis]. Accordingly, erroneous beliefs and identification mistakes contribute to intentional or accidental clinically significant toxicity. Birmes P, Chounet V, Mazerolles M, Cathala B, Schmitt L, Lauque D. Batouche DD, Benatta NF, Tabeliouna K, Boudjahfa S, Touhami Y, Hakkoum S. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris). Although the chemical synthesis of these alkaloids is possible, its complexity, costs, and low. 2020 Sep;31(3):378-380. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2020.04.001. Datura stramonium (also known as jimson weed) is regarded as an example for misunderstanding and misidentification in toxic plant exposure. In traditional cultures, users needed to have a great deal of experience and detailed plant knowledge so that no harm resulted from using it. J Toxicol Environ Health A. n. 1. It was well known as an essential ingredient of magical ointments, potions, and witches' brews, most notably Datura stramonium. Tropane Alkaloid Production by the Establishment of Hairy Root Cultures of Brugmansia candida and El... Nine new tropane alkaloids from Datura stramonium L. identified by GC/MS, Hairy roots formation in four Solanaceae species by different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Scopolamine radioimmunoassay for tissue cultures of Datura. Özkaya AK, Güler E, Karabel N, Namlı AR, Göksügür Y. Datura stramonium poisoning in a child. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Datura belongs to the classic "witches' weeds", along with deadly nightshade, henbane, and mandrake. Intoxication by an atropine-like All rights reserved. Raimundo Tostes. (species) genus involved in poisoning by tropane alkaloids. Datura stramonium, also known as jimson weed, devil's snare, or thorn apple, is a commonly found weed native to Central America.Datura is the scientific name for a genus that contains 9-12 species of flowering plants in the nightshade family. GC-MS methods have been abundantly used for this purpose. There can easily be a 5:1 variation in toxins from plant to plant, and a given plant’s toxicity depends on its age, where it is growing, and local weather conditions. Datura stramonium is a wildly growing plant found in West Virginia and temperate regions throughout the world that is sometimes abused by teens and young adults because of its hallucinogenic effects. This hallucinogenic plant seems today more and more appreciated by young people. substances including alkaloids. Nutritional supplement research concerning brain health and neurological disease is becoming an important focus. Bahmanzadegana A, Sefidkona Fand Sonboli A (2009) Iranian J Pharmaceutical Res 8(1): 65–70 3. horses, poisoning has occurred after ingestion of Jimson weed seeds (42 - 44) and dried tef hay contaminated with young Datura plants (Datura stramonium and Datura ferox) (13). See below Description. The deadly dose for adults is 15-100 . Assessment of serum creatine kinase among adolescent patients following jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) and moonflower (Datura inoxia) ingestions: a review of 11 cases. Neurological symptoms appear several hours after eating seeds. D. stramonium has frequently been employed . Assessment of serum creatine kinase among adolescent patients following jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) and moonflower (Datura inoxia) ingestions: a review of 11 cases. Define stramonium poisoning. Found inside – Page iiThis book highlights the latest international research on different aspects of medicinal plants and fungi. In Hungary, 2464 cases of contact with or ingestion of toxic plant material were registered in the period 2005-2017. This volume is a first attempt to integrate toxicological studies of all of the many human environments, both indoor and outdoor, and their complex interrelationships. Accidental Datura stramonium poisoning in a dog. Most accidents occur when ingesting plant preparations at home for psychedelic effects. Given the toxicity of this plant it is not recommended to be used in homemade preparations!!! Indeed, Datura is often a weed, ie present as a weed, in cereal or market garden crops. 2006. The toxicity of angel's trumpet is very high since it can cause death when taken in high doses. L’ingestion d’une quantité relativement faible de feuilles de Datura wrightii pourrait entraîner l’apparition de symptômes anticholinergiques. Found insideThe book guides you to adopt a healthy lifestyle based on the ancient Indian Medical Science - Ayurveda. All parts of the plants are toxic, and the genus has a long history of use for causing delirious states and death. Only in urine scopolamine and hyoscyamine (l-atropine) were detectable. Datura Ar15834, Ar9534, Ar9402, and Ar318). Other names for the Datura plants are Jimsonweed, Moonflower, Devil's Weed, and Devil's Trumpet. To the native population, it is known by the four common names as follows: Thornapple . 2010 Jun. All Datura plants contain tropane alkaloids such as scopolamine, hyoscyamine, and atropine, primarily in their seeds and flowers. A scopolamine-binding antiserum was obtained with a nor-(−)-scopolamine-N-propionic acid protein conjugate. It is toxic when consumed improperly. 2006. Most cases of human poisoning from Datura species is associated with teenagers eating the seeds to experience the halucinogenic effetcs of the toxic alkaloids in the seeds. Atropa belladonna L. is a perennial herbaceous plant and most importantly commercial source of pharmaceutical tropane alkaloids in the family Solanaceae. Current literature on Datura stramonium anticholinergic toxicity, properties and uses is reviewed Results Case reports on Datura stramonium toxicity Accidental Datura ingestion Taha SA and Mahdi AH 1984 report three csases of Datura ingestion by children in ignorance of its toxicity in Saudi Arabia. 3-tropoyloxy-6-isobutyryloxytropane, 3β-tropoyloxy-6β-isovaleroyloxytropane were tentatively identified. The text is lavishly illustrated with 797 color photographs--many of which are from the author’s extensive fieldwork around the world--showing the people, ceremonies, and art related to the ritual use of the world’s sacred psychoactives ... The patient presented with a typical anticholinergic syndrome (dryness of mouth, mydriasis, flushing, tachycardia, agitation, hallucinations) and was treated with symptomatic and supportive measures. Osváth P, Nagy A, Fekete S, Tényi T, Trixler M, Radnai I. Ghorani-Azam A, Sepahi S, Riahi-Zanjani B, Alizadeh Ghamsari A, Mohajeri SA, Balali-Mood M. J Res Med Sci. FOIA Hyoscyamine 6B hydroxylase (h6h) is a bifunctional enzyme which catalyzes the last two oxidative reactions of tropane alkaloid biosynthetic pathway, converting hyoscyamine to scopolamine [3]. Of the nine datura species, the best known are Datura innoxia for its well-documented use in pre-Colombian America, Datura metel for its use in traditional Chinese medicine, and Datura stramonium for its long history of use in sacred rituals. at levels sometimes comparable with hyoscyamine and/or scopolamine. For this purpose RNA was extracted from leaf disk of A. belladonna plants. The assay used commercially available labelled antigen, l-(N-methyl[3H])-scopol-amine methylchloride and measured scopolamine in the range 0.15 to 3.0 ng. The owner reported which have been recently planted in your home garden several samples of Datura stramonium with an easy access to your pet. One showed me a book which said datura is not only toxic if inge. Watch out for dried hay. INTRODUCTION The solanaceae plant, Datura stramonium , is locally known as Sikrane and is prevalent in north Algeria. Would you like email updates of new search results? Keywords: Hyoscyamus kurdicus, Atropa belladonna, scopolamine, h6h gene transformation Acknowledgement: This research was supported by the National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology References: 1. Jimson Weed (Datura stramonium) (Street Names: Thornapple, stinkweed, locoweed, augushka, ditch weed, devil's snare, devil's seed, devil's trumpet, Korean morning glory, Jamestown weed, angel's trumpet, beelzebub's twinkie, madhatter, and crazy tea.) 69: 1757-1762. These natural, Introduction : Le genre Datura fait partie de la famille des solanacées, vaste de plusieurs milliers d’espèces. Jimson weed toxicity: management of anticholinergic plant ingestion. Erect, branching summer annual. In the present study, we showed the percent of induced hairy roots percent in the leaf and root explants of four plants from the Solanaceae family (Atropa belladonna L., Hyoscyamus niger L., Datura stramonium L. and Datura metel L.), that infected with the six strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A4, A7,
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